Classical Conditioning and Behaviorism

Ivan Pavlov:
1. What was Pavlov actually studying when he developed his theory of classical conditioning?
A=/ He was studying digestion. Then he realized that there was conditioning in the digestive system.

2. Explain (in detail) how Pavlov's experiment was conducted.
A=/ Pavlov brought food, then the dog salivated as it saw the food. After a few times doing that the dog started salivating even before the plate was presented, it salivated by sensing Pavlov coming. Then he made the dog relate noise with the food

3. Identify the conditioned stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned response from Pavlov's experiment.
A=/ Conditioned stimulus would be the bell, the unconditioned is obviously the food, response is the dog's salivation.

4. Explain what extinction means in relation to classical conditioning.
A=/ When the conditioned stimulus disappears since it is not presented with the unconditioned one more than once.

5. Explain what stimulus generalization means in relation to classical conditioning.
A=/ Stimulus generalization is the tendency for the conditioned stimulus to evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned.

6. Explain what stimulus discrimination means in relation to classical conditioning.
A=/ respond only to a stimulus that is the same as the original conditional stimulus.

7. Explain at least two limitations of this experiment.
A=/ -Pavlov made tube routes for the saliva to drip.
       -He only used 2 dogs.

8. Explain what Pavlov theorized about how we learn.
A=/ Respondent Condiditioning. Conditioned-something learned. Unconditioned-innate

John B. Watson:
1. Explain (in detail) how Watson's "Little Albert" study was conducted.
A=/ Albert was exposed to be furry animals. Albert did not showed any fear towards the things. Then they showed the furry animals and stuff with a loud noise, and made Albert cry. Then he developed a fear on furry things.
2. Identify the conditioned stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned response from Watson's study
A=/ Conditioned stimulus are the furry animals. The unconditioned is the loud noise made. The response is the fear to furry things.

3. Explain at least two limitations of this study.
A=/ He only used one child on the experiment. Also it is unethical, which means that it cannot be replicated.

4. Explain Watson's law of frequency.
A=/ The more the stimulus with a response is done multiple times, the more powerful is the association.
5. Explain Watson's law of recency.
A=/ The recent response occurred from a stimulus, which is associated with it.

6. Explain the basic assumptions of behaviorism according to Watson.
A=/ Behaviorism is behavior made from the environment. It can be studied rather than mental process, since mental process cannot be observed like behavior.

Works Cited

-psychology.about.com/od/.../a/classcond.htm

-nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/pavlov/readmore.html

-http://www.gerardkeegan.co.uk/glossary/gloss_s.htm
-psychology.about.com/od/sindex/g/stimgen.htm

-education.stateuniversity.com/.../Watson-John-B-1878-1958.html

-www.psywww.com/.../watson_and_behaviorism.html